In addition to state taxes, the California Energy Commission estimates that environmental compliance costs added as much as $0.54/gal as of March 2025. The state’s Cap-and-Trade Program and Low Carbon Fuel Standard reflect costs associated with fuel supplier emissions and carbon intensity, and these costs are ultimately reflected in the price con

In countries with mature mining sectors, the construction and operationalisation process typically span 10 to 20 years. The most important aspect is to undertake the assessment about the economic viability of the mine before acquiring it. As per Statista, the operational life of a mine varies depending on the type of mineral. Copper mines can last

For Northern and Eastern Europeans, the central message from Southern Europe should be one of recognition: that the budgetary constraints they now seek to ease have long been a source of contention. Southern European countries have, for over a decade, called for flexibility in the EU’s rigid fiscal rules. It is encouraging that there is now, fina

The Draghi Report, in fact, proposes joint EU borrowing as a more efficient alternative to fragmented national debt issuance to support increased defence expenditures. A collective approach would enhance resource allocation, generate economies of scale, lower procurement costs and facilitate compliance with NATO’s budgetary targets. Given that de

of multiple international agreements and public assurances, and amid repeated threats from the Putin regime to target European capitals with nuclear weapons. Significantly, Russia –alongside its satellite Belarus– was the only country excluded by President Trump from his global ‘reciprocal tariffs’. Secondly, for the first time since, at le